De Vaca and Smith :: Social Issues, Indian Life

Both Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and John Smith hold different attitudes regarding their accounts of Indian life sentence. The difference in attitudes may have resulted from the difference in tr sapments that each man received while in captivity.De Vacas experience is a demeaning one. His account of Indian life is written in a thoughtful manner, and he describes the Indians kindly. While he describes his captivity as melancholy and wretched (De Vaca 34), its clear that he harbors no ill feelings towards the Indians. He states that he and his men were treated well, that they lived as free agents (De Vaca 32) and tried to accustom themselves to Indian life. Hes highly observant of the Indian life. He records the Indian lifestyles in detail his account reads more like a cultural anthropology study. His account of Indian life ends on a sympathetic note towards the Indians especially after he realizes his misjudgment of the Christians. We often misjudge the motives of men, de Vaca writes , We thought we had effected the Indians liberty, when the Christians were but poising to pounce (De Vaca 36).Smith, on the separate hand, describes his account in a boastful manner. His account of Indian life reads like a fantastic adventure novel in which he is the laud hero. He continuously refers to the Indians as savages (Smith 46) or barbarians (Smith 48) throughout his account. He even describes them as devils (Smith 51). At one point, he thinks that the Indians are trying to fat him to eat him (Smith 50). Smiths account is so incredibly dramatic that he expects every hour to be put to one death or other(a) (Smith 52). Also, the incident with Pocahontas saving Smith appears to be highly romanticized. Smiths manner of writing, in which he writes of himself in the third person, only adds to the boastful look of this account. It makes the entire account seem impersonal. It also makes Smith appear self-important and frivolous. One can only speculate on why there is much(pre nominal) a huge difference in these two writers attitudes. Their backgrounds may be factors that have influenced their attitudes. For de Vaca, it may be his religious background that has influenced him and shaped his attitude. In his account, he acknowledges his religion several times. My only solace in these labors was to think of the sufferings of our Redeemer, Jesus Christ, and the blood He shed for me, de Vaca writes.

Cuban Communism :: Communism Essays

Japans imperial experience was disparate from that of the West in Asia and Africa in several fundamental ways. (Bruce Cummings) Is it a valid categorisation of Japanese rule in Korea? Identify some of the main differences between Japanese colonialism and Western colonialism. expound your answer with examples.Imperialism has existed for some years and has dis contend many differing forms. It is a naturally occurring event that has a vast and complex history. Major world powers nurture been striving to distend their relative power and at the same time provide for their people. From the earliest civilizations groups of individuals set out to improve their well being at the expense of others. When examining more modern imperialism there is little variation from this view. Countries all over the world depend on their colonies to meet the needs of their nation. The world has become transformed and many changes have occurred based on situations resulting from imperialism. There ar p rocesses towards basic imperialism that can be labelled as fundamental. Japans imperial experience in Korea, for example, differs from what the West experienced in Africa and Asia in several ways. The 19th and 20th centuries displayed a great amount of expansion and the countries of the West were heavily responsible for this experience. Japan, however, played a key role in the history of imperialism as they joined in the fight for world power. First of all, Japans experience is different from the Wests in that it was more of a reactionary decision to expand, while the West had strong, rational motives to do so. Secondly, Japans choices in fix Koreas society by such drastic measures are more powerful than how most of the West approached controlling their many colonies. Thirdly, the West did not have to deal with the outside interference and resistance that Japan was accustomed to near the end of their rule over Korea. Fourthly, Japan and Korea are two closely tie in countries. Thei r societies are similar and their geographical locations are very close to each other. The West, on the other hand, does not typically have this attachment with its colonies and the effects are noticeable. Lastly, because Japan had a history of Emperor worship the ways in which the country approached imperialism is affected in ways not applicable to the West. These differing aspects of rule displayed by Japan and the West clearly promote Bruce Cummings take on the matter of imperial experiences in the modern era.

Communication In The Millenium :: essays research papers

Communication In the Millenium 2000 and BeyondThe Year 2000. The Millenium. With these phrases come the thoughts of the future and futuristic living. Although the lifestyle of the Jetsons, with moon shot apartment complexes and profligate cars, is more science fiction and entertainment than science fact, how numerous of their fantasy inventions might someday be a fact?With the sunrise(prenominal) century less(prenominal) than 3 months away, the year 2000 quickly brings to mind the inventions we erst thought of as children watching movies about the future. Flying cars, colonies on the moon, and meals in a pill once floating through our minds. Although it may seem that many of these things are still decades away, and maybe for the better, we should look at how far things have already come, especially in the way that we talk and communicate with each other. How many times have we heard about the good old days when things were so much simpler? When the altogether colloquy possible was telegrams, telephone calls, and writing letters. All of those mentioned ways of communication hasnt become totally obsolete yet, but with all the current technologies, such(prenominal) as the Internet, email, and video-conferencing, it would make most people back in the good old days stare wide-eyed and shake their heads in disbelief. How would one even out begin to explain modems and servers and chat rooms to someone who had just bought a touch-tone phone? Yet, it was back in those good old days when things that we today visualize necessities would have then been considered impossible.So, what about communication technologies of tomorrow? Will they have us shaking our head and staring wide-eyed as our parents and grandparents did so many years ago at the mere hint of an idea of communication beyond the telephone? Can we even begin to comprehend the way communication will change the world the way it is changing the world as we speak? Or will we just accept it as we go, marvel ing at the new innovations and technologies briefly, as if something new isnt new enough for us. One thing when mentioning communication in the millenium is how exactly will things change? Will all of us need to be Internet-literate? According to Paul Taylor, the next millenium will be defined by having access to computational resources for the communication purposes. We as a community are already so dependent on these resources that they are becoming more and more mainstream everyday.

Orphans in Nineteenth-Century England Essay -- Eurpean History Papers

Orphans in Nineteenth-Century England There is no denying that the ordinal century in England was a sequence of tremendous changes throughout the social and economical spectrums. As the adults adjusted to these changes prompted by the Industrial Revolution as best they could, many children, in particular orphans, were face with poor living conditions that limited their successes later in life. Although most orphaned children were fortunate enough to be placed into sufficient living circumstances, many of them were not as privileged. By discussing the various living conditions of orphans in nineteenth-century England, champion can better understand their position in the English society and realize why their later successes were so limited. As is true today, the majority of children lived with their parents in the nineteenth century. Many, however, were unable to do so for any number of reasons. These reasons ranged from overcrowding in the home to lengthened relatives needing aid from a young individual to children being orphaned. Although orphaned children were definitely an exception to the norm at that time in England, the number of children who had disoriented one or both of their parents was quite high in comparison to todays standards. One estimate states that in 1861, 11 percent of Victorian children had lost a father by the age of ten, 11 percent had lost a mother, and 1 percent had lost both parents (Horn 63). A major subscriber to this number was the prevalence of diseases, such as typhus and tuberculosis, which greatly affected the poor and working classes in the busy factory towns. The most common percentage of orphaned children was to be adopted by another family. This allowed for the orphans to remain a part of a fami... ...fortunate. Although orphans could go on to earn adequate livings as adults, befitting an orphan in nineteenth-century England was all too often a sentence for failure. The English government and citizen volunteers atte mpted to aid the growing number of orphans as the nineteenth century progressed however, the attempts to improve their unsatisfactory conditions were seldom enough. Works Cited Horn, Pamela. The Victorian Town Child. Thrupp, UK Sutton, 1997. Jordan, Thomas E. Victorian Childhood. Albany State U of New York P, 1987. Mitchell, Sally. Daily vivification in Victorian England. Westport, CT Greenwood, 1996. Nord, Deborah Epstein. Orphans and Republicans Social Policy and Morality in Victorian Britain. Dissent 42 (1995) 167-8. Peters, Laura. Orphan Texts Victorian Orphans, Culture and Empire. Manchester Manchester UP, 2000.

Images of Lilith in A Sea-Spell and The Orchard Pit :: Sea-Spell Essays

Images of Lilith in A Sea-Spell and The Orchard Pit   While Liliths only explicit appearances are in the poems Lilith and Eden Bower, images of her arise in a number of other poems by Rossetti, including A Sea-Spell and The Orchard Pit (Johnston 120). Considered minor poems, very little has been written on either. Of A Sea-Spell, some have gone so far as to proclaim it is kinder to the memory of the artist to say nothing. It is the work of a prematurely ill-defined mind and hand (Waugh 211). As for The Orchard Pit, a frag workforcetary prose tale, there is little that even could be said.   Yet, in the sonnet A Sea-Spell, there exists imagination directly relating this Siren-figure to Lilith, making the poem worthy of consideration here. The sonnet reads   Her lute hangs shadowed in the apple-tree, While flashing fingers weave the sweet-strung spell Between its chords and as the wild notes swell, The sea-bird for those branches leaves the sea. But to what sound her lis tening ear stoops she? What netherworld gulf-whispers doth she hear, In answering echoes from what planisphere, Along the wind, along the estuary? She sinks into her spell and when full soon Her lips move and she soars into her song, What creatures of the in the midst main shall throng In furrowed surf-clouds to the summoning rune Till he, the fated mariner, hears her cry, And up her rock, bare-breasted, comes to die? (Collected Works 361)   As evidenced above, twain unique(predicate) Lilith-imagery and Lilith-related themes are present in this sonnet. The poem begins with an immediate reference to Lilith, specifically Rossettis Lilith, with the line Her lute hangs shadowed in the apple-tree (line 1). This image is reminiscent of Liliths supposed tempting of Eve while in the apple-tree, the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Bad. Line 2 then borrows imagery directly from Lilith. The corresponding lines of Lilith, for example, read And, subtly of herself contemplative, Dr aws men to watch the bright web she can weave, Till heart and body and life are in its hold. (lines 6-8) It is this same story which is told in A Sea-Spell. The share is a beautiful Siren who weaves her magic into a spell that will ensnare and kill men (Sea-Spell, line 2 Lilith, line 13). In both poems, the male figures succumb to the Sirens charms, causing their own demise.

Comparing Marvell’s To His Coy Mistress and Herrick’s To the Virgins, t

Comparing Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress and Robert Herricks To the Virgins, to Make Much of TimeEver since the beginning of time, savour has played an enormous voice among humans. Everyone feels a need to love and to be loved. Some go about to fill this yearning with activities and possessions that will not satisfy with activities in which they should not participate and possessions they should not own. In Andrew Marvells meter, To His Coy Mistress, the speaker encounters an emotion some would call love but fits better under the designation of lust for a woman. In contrast, the speaker of Robert Herricks poem, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, urges virgins to marry, to make a lasting commitment in which love plays a vital role. Comparing these poems reveals differences between love and lust. Despite the contrasting depictions of love and lust, both poets portray the underlying theme of carpe diem seize the day using the sun to show the brevity of any genius persons time on earth, and utilizing societal standards to back up their arguments. Though some may argue that the speaker in Marvells poem loves his mistress, he comes across as experiencing no emotion aside from lust. The speaker merely mentions the word love three times, all in the first stanza. nowhere does the speaker connect this so-called love with his misss personality traits, but always with her physical appearance. The speaker explains that if he had all the time in the world, he would adore for an age at least all the parts of her body and the last age should show your heart (17-18). The speakers overemphasis of his girlfriends body in place of concentration on her personality and heart ones more important traits ... ...ilize similar arguments in attempt to persuade the person or people to whom they speak. Specifically, both speakers convey the concept of carpe diem through the analogy of the sun. They address their situation in a skewed manner, though. speckle they have th e opportunity to focus on true love, they fail to seize that opportunity. Instead, the speakers concentrate on societys definition of love, namely, beauty, requesting a response ground on the superficial, outward appearance of a woman. Works CitedHerrick, Robert. To The Virgins, To Make Much Of Time. Literature An Introduction to Critical Reading. Lee A. Jacobus. Upper Saddle River, NJ assimilator Hall, 1996.Marvell, Andrew. To His Coy Mistress and Other Poems. New York DoverPublications, Inc., 1997.New American Standard Bible, The Lockman Foundation, 1995. Available http//www.lockman.org

Comparing Marvell’s To His Coy Mistress and Herrick’s To the Virgins, t

Comparing Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress and Robert Herricks To the Virgins, to Make Much of TimeEver since the beginning of time, slam has played an enormous function among humans. Everyone feels a need to love and to be loved. Some onset to fill this yearning with activities and possessions that will not satisfy with activities in which they should not participate and possessions they should not own. In Andrew Marvells song, To His Coy Mistress, the speaker encounters an emotion some would call love but fits better under the designation of lust for a woman. In contrast, the speaker of Robert Herricks poem, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, urges virgins to marry, to make a lasting commitment in which love plays a vital role. Comparing these poems reveals differences between love and lust. Despite the contrasting depictions of love and lust, both poets portray the underlying theme of carpe diem seize the day using the sun to show the brevity of any single persons ti me on earth, and utilizing societal standards to back up their arguments. Though some may argue that the speaker in Marvells poem loves his mistress, he comes across as experiencing no emotion aside from lust. The speaker merely mentions the word love three times, all in the first stanza. nowhere does the speaker connect this so-called love with his daughters personality traits, but always with her physical appearance. The speaker explains that if he had all the time in the world, he would adore for an age at least all the parts of her body and the last age should show your heart (17-18). The speakers overemphasis of his girlfriends body in place of concentration on her personality and heart ones more important traits ... ...ilize similar arguments in attempt to persuade the person or people to whom they speak. Specifically, both speakers convey the concept of carpe diem through the analogy of the sun. They address their situation in a skewed manner, though. sequence they have the opportunity to focus on true love, they fail to seize that opportunity. Instead, the speakers concentrate on societys definition of love, namely, beauty, requesting a response found on the superficial, outward appearance of a woman. Works CitedHerrick, Robert. To The Virgins, To Make Much Of Time. Literature An Introduction to Critical Reading. Lee A. Jacobus. Upper Saddle River, NJ assimilator Hall, 1996.Marvell, Andrew. To His Coy Mistress and Other Poems. New York DoverPublications, Inc., 1997.New American Standard Bible, The Lockman Foundation, 1995. Available http//www.lockman.org

Bismarck: Master Planner or Opportunist?

Unification of Germany Example Essays. capital of North Dakota Master jut outner or Opportunist? Bismarck later decl ared that he had carefully mean oneness of Germany in 5 clear steps from 1862. He said that he had planned 1. To make Russian Neutrality 2.To trick Austria into declaring War 3. To ensure cut Neutrality 4. To Treat Austria Leniently after Defeat 5. To Trick France into Declaring War. INTRODUCTION Other Historians acquire recently claimed that rather than plan unification, Bismarck was a skilful diplomat who used events as opportunities to promote Prussian interests. Regardless of whether Bismarck planned unification or used events as opportunities he definitely had a favour able-bodied hand of cards which he inherited when he became Minister-President in 1862 which allowed him to unify Germany by 1871. 1. To obtain Russian Neutrality. Evidence for Plan He obtained Russian neutrality for the later War with Austria through the Alvens leben Convention of 1863. This meant Russian Poles who escaped over the molding into Prussian Poland would be returned to the Tsar. Evidence against Plan It is un likely that Bismarck knew the Poles would revolt in advance and it seems more likely STAGE 1 higher-up intention that he helped the Tsar to maintain the Prussian Poles rebelling too. The International condemnation at Alvensleben led Bismarck to play d sustain the events significance which shock the Tsar. It almost led to him being sacked by William I. Analysis Despite gaining Russian neutrality in the following War against Austria Bismarck achieved it through batch rather than planning.The Tsar was angrier at Austria not supporting Russia in the Crimean War than at Bismarcks public back down over Alvensleben. He did achieve neutrality but it seems unlikely that he would have planned such a dangerous route. To trick Austria into declaring War. Evidence for the Plan He creat ed a situation where Austria and Prussia were becoming more hostile to one another. This was created through War with Denmark 1864 when Bismarck persuaded Austria to join them in War.Once victorious The Gastein Convention gave Prussia administrative command of Schleswig and Austria control of Holstein. Prussias and Austrias relationship now deteriorates rapidly and when Prussia proposes plans to change the Constitution in Schleswig Austria appeals to the Diet which is forbidden in the Convention and Austria mobilises troops in font of War. Prussia now accuses Austria of being the aggressor and starting War invades Holstein. Evidence Against Plan It is unlikely Bismarck could have foreseen the inheritance crisis in Schleswig and STAGE 2 MASTER PLAN Holstein. Also there is strong evidence to suggest that Bismarck was only attempting to annex Schleswig and Holstein and not force a War with Austria. There are letters to his wife that explain he is open to a d iplomatic solution to the crisis and was willing to prevent War with Austria through diplomacy. Analysis Whilst not as clear as Stage 1, it quiesce seems likely Bismarck was acting as a Prussian expansionist rather than planning fight with Austria as he was still trying to resolve tension through diplomacy until Austria mobilised her troops in 1866. To gain Frances neutrality. Evidence for Plan Bismarck meets catnap III in Biarritz in October 1865 to appeal for neutrality in War with Austria. nap verbally agrees and would persuade Italy to join the War with Prussia. Once Austria was defeated Napoleon would gain Venetia which would be passed to Italy. STAGE 3 MASTER PLAN Evidence against Plan Bismarck could never be totally sure of Napoleons neutrality. Despite gaining a verbal agreement details are very sketchy as to definite areas of agreement. Also Napoleon later double-crossed Bismarck and make a secret agreement with th e Austrians that for cut neutrality, if Austria won, Napoleon would be given some Prussian land as a reward. Analysis Yes the Biarritz meeting was planned and yes the French remained neutral, but it seems through more luck than detailed planning as Napoleon made agreements with both sides and Bismarck could not guarantee French neutrality. Treat Austria Leniently after Defeat. Evidence for Plan The Treaty of Prague 1866 was lenient on Austria and this was down to Bismarck. Both William I and Von Moltke wanted to advance on to capital of Austria and press home defeat to humiliate Austria. It took all of Bismarcks persuasive abilities to prevent this from happening. Austria had to agree to return to her Empire and leave German interests alone, dispel the Old Confederation and allow the formation of The North German Confederation under Prussian STAGE 4 MASTER PLAN control. Secret soldiers machine agreements were then made with the southern states. Evidence against Plan Instead of deliberately planning to treat Austria leniently, it is more likely that Bismarck wanted to consolidate gains and to prevent France or other European Powers from joining the War in support of Austria which could have jeopardised gains made. Analysis Although Bismarcks diplomatic skill in persuading William and von Moltke to go no further after the Battle of Koningratz (Sadowa,) it seems more likely that he did it to prevent French hostilities and to keep the gains made by Prussia during the War. To trick France into declaring War. Evidence for Plan Bismarck goes against the French claim of Luxembourg by proposing a German prince instead, which certainly angered Napoleon. In 1868 when the revolutions in Spain forces out the Queen they offer the plenty to Leopold of Hohenzollern (related to Prussian Royal family) in 1870.Bismarck could accept to gain Spain as an ally but it would worry France (who woul d be encircled). Finally 12th July 1870 it was decided to withdraw Leopold as a candidate. On the 13th July French foreign Ambassador Benedetti meets William I at German town of Ems and William accepted withdrawal of Leopold but refused to promise what the French were demanding the withdrawal of all future accession rights. William sent the telegram to Bismarck recalling the events. STAGE 5 MASTER PLAN Bismarcks genius comes into his own and releases his own version of the telegram to the press which is so inflammatory that French declares War on Prussia on the 19th July 1870. Evidence Against the Plan Bismarck initially supported the French claim to Luxembourg but later changes his mind. He also allows the withdrawal of Leopold as a candidate which doesnt suggest he was trying to provoke the French. Although the Ems telegram was deliberately doctored by him to cause the French to declare War on Prussia it is more likely that he made the finality after h e received the telegram rather than planning the events in advance. How could he have anticipated such aggressive French foreign policy in the demands Benedetti made on William. Analysis Although there is more evidence here to suggest Bismarck planned to get the French to declare war it is unlikely that he planned it prior to 1862 as he suggests.There is more evidence to suggest he decided to provoke France after receiving the Telegram, so thus taking events as opportunities when they arose. Bismarck was a skilful politician who was most probably a Prussian Supremacist who wanted Prussian expansion at the write off of the Austrians.It is most unlikely that he planned unification from the start in 1862 and more likely that he used opportunities when they presented themselves to benefit Prussia, initially and later, for Germany. It is more likely that he first wanted to expand Prussian territory into Schleswig and Holstein, but thwarted by the Austrians was forced into war with them in 1866. Similarly in raise to consolidate the North German Confederation under Prussian control, the Treaty of Prague was lenient so not to provoke the French. CONCLUSION Finally once the military agreements were in place with the southern states, Bismarck used the opportunities presented as a result of the Luxembourg Situation and the Hohenzollern Candidature Crisis to re-write the Ems Telegram. This again was where he saw the fortune of expansion to include all German states under Prussian leadership. The only people who believe the Master plan were Bismarck himself and early German historians who were still in awe of the great statesman that had unified Germany. Most other historians realise that he was more likely an incredibly skilful opportunist and able politician.

Debt versus Equity Financing Paper Essay

In the accounting industry, funding remains an valuable concept, as many organizations are reliant on them for financial perceptual constancy and longevity. Although there are a plethora of finance options and types to choose from, the focus of the work will revolve around debt and equity financing. These two commonly apply forms of financing are important as they are both unique in how they are utilized. The author of this piece will address these two financing options while providing examples of each and addressing which capital structure is almost advantageous.Debt FinancingDebt financing is the process of borrowing money from a lender such as a bank. These financings option comes in the forms of loans both secure and unsecured. Security involves a form of collateral as an assurance the loan will be repaid. If the debtor defaults on the loan, that collateral isforfeited to satisfy payment of the debt (Entrepreneur, 2014, p. 1). In most cases a lender will ask for some time o f security on a loan and least often times will lend based on name recognition or status. One of the most common sources of debt financing is seen within startup byplayes where debt financing is often provided by friends and family instead of commercial lending institutions.When borrowing money from relatives or friends, have your attorney draw up legal papers dictating the terms of the loan, as formalized documentation (Entrepreneur, 2014, p.1). Another form of debt financing that is most common occurs with credit cards through a credit line. Credit cards are employ to provide a way to businesses to get several thousands of dollars quickly without going through the hassles of getting approved for a loan and filling out vast amount of paperwork (Entrepreneur, 2014). Though this method is very popular it is important to take note that the interest fecal matter collect if not monitored as this debt can add up quickly.Equity FinancingUnlike debt financing, equity financing involves raising capital through merchandising shares within the business. Equity financing essentially refers to the sales of an ownership interest to raise funds for business purposes (Investopedia, 2013, p. 1). This form of financing does not just hold wandering common equity but it also consists of selling preferred stock, convertible preferred stock, and warrants. When a startup company gains success it will throw equity as it evolves. Since startups attract a vast amount of investors at different stages of the companys evolution cycle, different forms of equity are used for the businesss financial needs.Convertible stock is comprised out as a loan, which the company is obligated to repay and if company meets the specified benchmark in terms of performance, the unpaid balance of that loan is then converted into an equity stake in the business (Merritt, 2013). Companies can also attain capital by selling shares to investors. This allows a company to give up a piece of itself as a way to raise money to finance growth. Small, privatelyheld companies sell shares to private investors, who then hold equity within the company (Merritt, 2013, p. 1). This is one of the quickest way for obtain capital to finance growth for a business, oddly if it goes public.ConclusionThough both of these methods of financing are beneficial for a business to grow and obtain capital it is important to acknowledge which of these forms are most advantageous. In terms of raising mass amounts of money for growth and business operations, it would be most advantageous to utilize equity financing within the business as this provides are way for the business to attain large sums of money by selling shares. It is important to note that keeping account of the number shares is important as the business needs to ensure it maintains the majority of 51% of more to negate hostile takeover from competitors and other businesses. At times one financing on either forefront can seem to have more advantages then the next it is important the a business tries to utilize both in order to maintain balance and control of the business for optimal success.ReferencesEntrepreneur. (2014). Debt Financing. Retrieved from http//www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/debt-financingInvestopedia. (2013). Equity Financing. Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/e/equityfinancing.aspMerritt, C. (2013). What Are Examples of Equity Financing? Retrieved from http//budgeting.thenest.com/examples-equity-financing-23831.html

Productivity Quality Profitability in research

trading trading operations Research (O. R. ) has been termed The Science of Better. The term Operations Research (OR) describes the discipline that is focused on the application of t all(prenominal)ing technology for informed decision-making. In other words, OR represents the study of optimal resource allocation A problem in the very world is modeled, usually in numeral terms, then mathematical techniques, together with data depth psychology and computational algorithms, are applied, in order to find shipway to do the job better. The word Operations derives from the many no-hit applications of O.R. To military operations in the sass. But, since then, most O. R. Applications have been to peaceful activities, especially to care attention, of which readiness industrial production, and scheduling airlines, and other transportation, have been prominent. The name Management Science denotes the aforementivirtuosod(prenominal) discipline, with some emphasis on business managem ent. Practitioners of Operations Management depart find many of these techniques relevant. The areas of Logistics, Supply Chain Management, Decision Sciences, and Manufacturing Management deal with similar applications.The goal of OR is to provide rational bases for decision making by seeking to understand and structure employ situations, and to utilize this understanding to predict system behavior and improve system performance. Much of the actual fit is conducted by utilise analytical and numerical techniques to develop and manipulate mathematical models of organizational systems that are composed of people, machines, and procedures. ORs role in two, the public and the private sectors is increasing rapidly.In general, OR addresses a wide variety of issues in transportation, inventory planning, production planning, communication operations, computer operations, financial assets, encounter management, revenue management, and any other fields where upward(a) business productivi ty is paramount. In the public sector, OR studies may focus on energy policy, defense, health care, water resource planning, founding and operation of urban emergency systems, or criminal justice. To reiterate, OR reflects an analytical method of problem solving and decision-making that is useful in the management of organizations.In OR, problems are (1 ) decomposed into basic components and (2) solved via mathematical analysis. Some of the analytical methods used in OR include mathematical logic, simulation, network analysis, queuing theory, and game theory. The actual OR affect can in general be described via three steps. (1) A set of potential solutions to a problem is identified and developed (the set may be earlier large). (2) The alternatives derived in the first step are analyzed, and reduced to a smaller set of solutions (the solutions have to be feasible and workable). 3) The alternatives derived in the second step are subjected to imitation implementation and, if feasi ble, exposed to an actual analysis in a true-world environment. It has to be pointed out that in the final step, psychology and management sciences often play a rather important role. Generally speaking OR improves the effectiveness and the efficiency of an institute the term operations in OR may Suggests that the manufacturing application grade represents the Original home of OR. That is not quite accurate, as the name originated from military operations, not business operations.Nevertheless, it is a true statement that ORs successes in contemporary business pervade manufacturing and service operations, logistics, distribution, transportation, and telecommunication. The myriad applications include scheduling, routing, workflow improvements, elimination of bottlenecks, inventory control, business process re- engineering, site selection, or facility and general operational planning. gross and supply range of mountains management reflect two growing applications that are distinguis hed by their use of several OR methods to cover several functions.Revenue management entails first to accurately forecasting the demand, and secondly to adjust the price Structure over time to more profitably allocate fixed capacity. Supply chain decisions describe the who, what, when, and where abstractions from purchasing and transporting raw materials and parts, through manufacturing actual products and goods, and anally distributing and delivering the items to the customers. The prime management goal here may be to reduce overall cost objet dart processing customer orders more efficiently than before.The power of utilizing OR methods abides examining this rather complex and convoluted chain in a comprehensive manner, and to search among a vast number of combinations for the resource optimization and allocation strategy that seem most effective, and hence beneficial to the operation. Businesses and organizations frequently face challenging operational problems whose productive solution requires certain expertise in applied autistic, optimization, stochastic modeling, or a combination of these areas.To illustrate, a company may need to design a sampling plan in order to meet specific quality control objectives. In a manufacturing environment, operations that compete for the same resources must be scheduled in a way that deadlines are not violated. The manager of a super trade must determine how many checkout lines to keep open at various times during the day and evening so that shoppers are not unnecessarily delayed.The area of operations look for that concentrates on real-world operational problems is called production systems. action systems problems may swipe in settings that include, but are not limited to, manufacturing, telecommunications, health-care delivery, facility location and layout, and staffing. The area of production systems presents special challenges for operations searchers. Production problems are operations research problems, hen ce solving them requires a solid foundation in operations research fundamentals.Additionally, the solution of production systems problems frequently draws on expertise in more than one of the primary areas of operations research, implying that the successful production researcher cannot be One-dimensional. Furthermore, production systems problems cannot be solved without an in- depth understanding of the real problem, since invoking assumptions that simplify the mathematical structure of the problem may lead to an elegant solution for the wrong problem.Common sense and practical insight are common attributes of successful production planners. At the current time, the field of OR is extremely dynamic and ever evolving. To name a few of the contemporary (primary) research projects, current work in OR seeks to develop software for material flow analysis and design of flexible manufacturing facilities using pattern recognition and graph theory algorithms. Further, approaches for the des ign of re-configurable manufacturing systems and progressive automation of discrete manufacturing systems are under development.Additional OR projects focus on the industrial deployment of computer- ground methods for assembly line balancing, business process reengineering, capacity planning, get away scheduling, and setup reduction, primarily through the integration of the philosophies of the Theory of Constraints and Lean Manufacturing. Quality in Research Companies need to compete both by bringing new-fangled products to the market and by improving existing products and processes. These two aspects constitute the rationale underlying this masters programmed.However, in addition to the factors discussed, we think that there should also be additional focus on the quality of operations research and the dissemination process of findings from such research. This has tremendous implications for the importance of operations research technology transfer to the matter level. Broadly d efined, this field deals with the efficient design and operation of systems, usually seeking to determine an optimal or effective utilization and allocation of scarce resources.The tools of OR lie in the mathematical doodling and analysis of physical or economic systems, and its scope of application arises in varied walks of life, in the areas of business, industry, government, and national defense. As stiffer controversy and lower resilience to business shock make companies and industries walk a tight line that separates success from failure, the emphasis of this field on both long (strategic) and short-term (tactical) efficiency and cost effectiveness are increasingly promoting its use in widely diverse areas.Although the importance of quality in research ability seem obvious, we have found that quality and methodological rigor are often lacking. To identify proven strategies aimed at improving routine immunization run in developing countries, we recently conducted a literatur e review assessing both results and methodological rigor. The lack of quality and rigor for most studies and the overall paucity of well-conducted published studies was striking, especially in light of the longstanding Expanded Programmed on Immunization (PEP) and the widely recognized importance and cost- effectiveness.Also some of the broader issues, innovations and implications across a spectrum of disciplines which co-inhabit the same ecosystem. The history has been presented as the paradigm of detonation management, defined as the use of technological, quantitative methods, and decision making techniques in order to make business decisions based on data and analyses rather than solely on intuition. The history of this paradigm has been presented as a series of periods, each of which have unique characteristics, whilst simultaneously be part of an overall evolution.Using the themes that are particularly prevalent in the analytics period, examples of possible research directions for the OR community have also been presented. Above all the analysis demonstrates that OR does not exist entirely in isolation the community must embrace and engage with the wider concerns of the ecosystem and paradigm or risk declining into obscurity. With other schoolman and practitioner communities engaging with analytics and increasing research in these areas, OR is in danger of being left stool.Whilst arguments may be made that such research directions risk diluting the OR brand, the original conception of the discipline was to use the most relevant methods available to solve business problems, a tradition such research falls firmly within. Many businesses are currently uncertain of how the economic recession will affect demand for their services and products. For global permeate Scandinavian Kooks, this IS a familiar situation. Over the past decade, the company has experienced declining demand for its products as electronic media have replaced newsprint publications.As it struggles to survive, the company has been forced to make some difficult decisions, including closing paper production lines and entire mills. As decision makers become more involved in implementing Total Quality Management, questions are raised about which management practices would be emphasized. In this exploratory investigation of the kinship of specific quality management practices to quality performance, a framework Was constructed.It focuses on both core quality management practices and on the infrastructure that creates an environment supportive of their use. In addition, it incorporates two measures of quality performance and their role in establishing and sustaining a hawkish advantage. Path analysis was used to the management, with multiple regression analysis determining the path coefficients, which were decomposed into their various effects. Weak linkages were eliminated.The trimmed model indicated that perceived quality market outcomes were primarily link to statis tical control/feedback and the product design process, while the internal measure of percent that passed final inspection without requiring rework was strongly related to process flow management and to statistical control/feedback, to a lesser extent. Both measures of quality performance were related to competitive advantage. Important infrastructure components include top management support and workforce management.Supplier relationships and work attitudes were also related to some of the core quality practices and quality performance measures. The driving idea behind OR is to collaborate with clients to design and improve operations, make better decisions, solve problems, and advance managerial functions including policy formulation, planning, forecasting, and performance measurement. The goal of OR is to develop information to provide valuable insight and guidance.By utilizing OR methods, the objective is to apply to any given project the most appropriate scientific techniques se lected from mathematics, any of the sciences including the social and management sciences, and any branch of engineering, respectively. The work normally entails collecting and analyzing data, creating and testing mathematical models, proposing approaches not previously considered, interpreting information, making recommendations, and aiding at implementing the initiatives that result from the study.Moreover, utilizing OR methods allow to develop and implement software, systems, services, and products related to a clients methods and applications. The systems may include strategic decision-support systems, which play a vital role in many organizations today. Profitability in Research profitability is a prime concern in all organizations. Operations management uses various tools and strategies to try and improve if not maximize profitability. Operations management, which encompasses supply chain management and logistics, deals with how well some function is performed.This research an alyzes the specific strategy of production commixture efficiency and what mediating effect it has on the relationship between operations management and financial profitability. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the relationship between he three constructs. This research found that operations management alone does not have a positive impact on profitability. However, the strategy of production mix efficiency has a positive mediating effect on profit, which provides a potential answer to firms trying to increase profits through operations.Analyzing a strategy of operations management for the purposes of increasing profitability. The strategy of production mix efficiency looks at factors involved in the process of producing goods. Some variables here are the number of items each firm makes and the time and costs involved in ACH. The study is a logistical aspects of business. The purpose of this paper is to provide operation managers and firms with an in-depth understanding of what factors have a more direct impact on profitability.Operations management is concerned with all areas that affect the company on a daily basis. According to Jaggy (1992), one of the goals of operations management is to achieve profit minimization. In order to achieve this, there are various factors that can be utilized. A few of these strategies are production mix efficiency, product route efficiency, and resource commitment. This research analyses production mix efficiency. Counting (1996) describes a situation in which a management process that is not optimized will result in less than optimal results.Such results lead to solid and hazardous waste, as well as increasing operational costs. This antecedent supply chain issue creates a desire and need for a well-organized and robust reverse logistics System. Supply chain disruptions pose an increasingly significant risk to supply chains Synergy demands these forward and reverse systems be linked for effective communication and scheduling purposes. Typically, supply chains will consist f an independent system for the reverse chain however, it will work hand in hand with the forward chain.Without such integration, Stock (1992) notes that several problems may arise because firms do not understand they can positively affect the environment through reduction and recycling of waste. Industries are in the habit of utilizing virgin materials rather than recycled ones. Lastly, there exists a perception that recycled materials are inferior to virgin ones. It is important with regard to profitability to make the most of the materials a firm has. This is achieved by using the materials the firm has to produce the optimal mix of products to achieve maximum profitability.

Caterpillar and Komatsu: A Mission Statement Evaluation Essay

Caterpillar and Komatsu are two of the largest heavy equipment manufacturers in the world with total revenue of over $29.1 billion dollars for fiscal year 2001 amid the two companies. Caterpillar was established in 1925 after Benjamin Holt and Daniel Best merged their two companies, both of which had been in business for over 35 geezerhood each. Komatsu was founded in 1921 when Komatsu Iron Works was spun off as an independent corporation from Takeuchi Mining Industry, Ltd. Both companies, Caterpillar and Komatsu, have since established themselves in the market as attractors of heavy equipment manufacturing.A review of the weathervanesites and mission statements for each company speaks volumes about the company and their philosophy towards doing business. Each mission statement was evaluated for the following components as per the UniModule for the course Customers, Products or services, Markets, Technology, Concern for survival, growth and profitability, Philosophy, Self-concep t, Concern for public image and Concern for employees. Addition all(prenominal)y, each mission statement, as well as the company web site and company reports, was reviewed to determine how the priorities of the stockholders were addressed.CaterpillarCaterpillar has both a vision and a mission to drive their company. The vision is basically stated, Be the international leader in customer value (Caterpillar). This basic statement drives the four different aspects of the mission and the company as a whole. The vision also shows a strong fright for survival and growth with a forward-looking vision to the future. In addition, a basic vision such as this also drives the philosophy of the company as they strive to be the best in their market.The first percentage of the mission statement is as followsCaterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines,engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the worlds infrastructure and developing and transpor ting its resources. We furnish the best value to customers. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar)As this section states, Caterpillar believes in supporting the customer through all aspects of its operations. This section also addresses Caterpillars philosophy in their products and services by providing the best value to their customers.The second section of the mission statement statesCaterpillar people will increase shareowner value by aggressively pursuing growth and profit opportunities that leverage our engineering, manufacturing, distribution, information management and financial services expertise. We grow profitably. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar)This section addresses Caterpillars concern for shareholder value by directly addressing their goals to increase value as part of the statement, and not as an afterthought. The uncomplicated line, We grow profitably shows a strong faith in their future as a company.The third section readCaterpillar wil l provide its worldwide workforce with an environment that stimulates diversity, innovation, teamwork, continuous learning and improvement and rewards individual performance. We develop and reward people. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar)A strong concern for the employees is shown in this section of the mission statement. According to the Caterpillar website, the company offers extensive training and employee development, as well as a multitude of benefits for their employees.The final section of the mission statement is as followsCaterpillar is dedicated to improving the tonus of life while sustaining the step of our earth. We encourage social responsibility. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar)Finally, Caterpillar addresses their concern for the public image of the company by addressing environmental and social issues in their mission statement. Caterpillar is involved in several environmental and social projects in the communities that they are a part of, whether in the United States or around the world.Overall, the vision and mission statement for Caterpillar is strong and clear, providing a valuable direction for the company in all aspects of their operation.KomatsuKomatsu has established a basic mission statement as well as a encrypt of populacewide Business Conduct (Code) booklet that helps to guide the company in its global business dealings. This Code is updated annually to reflect any new or changed information that may affect how the company performs on a global level. The mission statement, which is actually an opening statement by the president of the company, Masahiro Sakane, reads as followsKomatsu is move to Quality and Reliability as the very cornerstones of its management to maximize its corporate value. Through business activities, we at Komatsu work to enhance the corporate value of Komatsu for shareholders and all other stakeholders by promoting activities to become a Strong Company, while simultaneously obs erving the Rules of the Business Community (the Rules) and fulfilling the responsibility of corporate citizenship to become a penny-pinching Company. In this manner, I believe that we can improve the Quality and Reliability of management and employees. (Komatsu)By breaking down the opening statement, as well as the pertinent sections of the Code, we can evaluate the companys means for addressing the differentrequirements from the UniModule.A driving force behind the Code is the strong commitment to quality and reliability for their products. This is addressed in the management direction section of the code, which provides five guidelines for enhancing quality and reliability. The first guideline directly addresses the customers needs and concerns, as well as the product and/or services themselves, by constantly providing safe and innovative products/service and systems from the viewpoint of our customers. (Komatsu)Additionally, product safety is mentioned as one of the main aspects for quality and reliability. According to Komatsu, all employees place the highest priority for assurance of safety when engaging in development, production, procurement, sales, service and all other stages. (Komatsu)ReferencesCaterpillar Company Information. Mission. Caterpillar. Retrieved on June 20, 2002 from the World Wide Webhttp//www.cat.com/about_cat/company_information/03_mission/mission.htmlKomatsu Code of Business Conduct. Komatsu, Inc. Retrieved June 20, 2002 from the World Wide Webhttp//www.komatsu.com/profile/index.html

African American In The 1920s Essay

The 1920s were a time of struggle, pride, fear, and creativity for African Americans. Following WWI, starks fought for the conditions and rights that they were given while fleck in Europe. They fought through countless splurges and murders to push for equality. They reincarnated across the dry land to escape the horrid conditions of the South. They created an entirely refreshing cultural move workforcet that interruption like senseless fire. African Americans of the 1920s created a momentous movement of political and cultural dominance that would thus fartu all(a)y lead to their freedom. The Post World War I geological era was a difficult, yet prideful time for African Americans.While African Americans were bear oning abroad, they were treated as equals to whites in Europe. Due to American generals refusing to com publicd blacks, African Americans fought side by side with black and white French soldiers under French command. In addition, there were a few all black regiment s, the just about well known being the 369th Colored Infantry (p. 8). Upon returning home in November of 1918, African Americans faced contradictory feelings of hope and frustration (p. 7).They expected to be praised and rewarded for their sacrifices made during the war however, they were met with or so the opposite. This new mood among the African Americans became Flowers 1 known as the New Negro. Coined by black journalists, this term described the new billet of post-war blacks and their will to fight against the white oppression. Unfortunately, the American public treated them the same as before the war. African American soldiers were in shock from the dramatic contrast of black social conditions between America and Europe. While the whites were praised for their sacrifices, the blacks were not.In one case, however, on February 7, 1919, a few thousand black soldiers marched through Manhattan, and were praised by both blacks and whites alike however, most white Americans didn t feel the same as those in New York. With blacks having a strengthened hope for equality, and whites having a strong fear of this equality, America was set up for some of the best and worst events of the 1920s. The Red Summer, coined by James Weldon Johnson, was a summer of hate crimes, violence, and even murder. On several occasions, both blacks and whites ended up injuring and killing one another. African Americans began to assert their new hope of equality.The first instance of this new attitude occurred in Charleston, South Carolina, when sailors killed a black civilian. A big(a) fight broke out and several pile, both blacks and whites, were killed. Riots began to appear throughout America. The worst riot broke out in Chicago and lasted five days. It all began when an African American swimmer drifted into waters between segregated beaches. A white man threw a rock at him and the black man ended up drowning. White police officers did nothing to arrest the white man. As the ne ws allot, crowd related violence quickly began to spread throughout neighborhoods. As tensions grew stronger, the violent crimes Flowers 2 became worse.Eventually, a mass riot broke out. Policemen fired upon several black men, and several thousand men became involved. In the end, 23 blacks and 15 whites were killed, and many more were injured. Unfortunately, the majority of the media downplayed these riots to try and keep everyone else under control, but The Crisis, the primary composition for the NAACP, published nearly every event, both good and bad. Over the summer, many other instances of violence occurred, leading to the Great Migration (p. 7-15) The lives of African Americans importantly changed during the 1920s.A large contributor to these changes was the mass migration of African Americans to the North and West known as the Great Migration. African Americans despised the Jim Crow laws, and tried everything in their power to every change or escape them. Many blacks living i n the South gained much economic success after migrating to the North. Not only did the blacks want to migrate to the North for economic and civil gains, but they also wanted to escape the worsening conditions in the South caused by the Boll Weevil plague that ruined the cotton industry (p. 23-24).Upon arriving in the North, blacks began to build up their community. They built their own churches, which were significantly different from white churches. Their churches became a part of their lives, and became their community. The YMCA and the YWCA also began during this time period, promoting community as well. Hesperian black immigrants came primarily from places like Jamaica, and were fairly new to the oppression of the whites in America. Because of this, they were not as afraid to start up new things. Flowers 3 On the political side of events, the NAACP was on the rise.By 1919, the NAACP had become the leading organization for black civil rights. Led by W. E. B. Du Bois, the NAACP constantly challenged segregation and political equality. (p. 57) A major success of this organization was the push for the Dyer Antilynching Bill. Even though the bill was never successfully passed, it brought lynching to the attention of the public, and eventually reduced the number of lynchings significantly (p. 60-63). While African Americans fought to make conditions better for themselves, some conditions remained poor.Some blacks began purchasing homes in white neighborhoods, but were faced with violence, especially from the rising Ku Klux Klan therefore, ending the admit segregation quickly gained importance (p. 66-68). The white schools were far superior, due to the much higher wages and funding provided. In Southern states, studies showed that white teachers were paid nearly four times as much as black teachers, and the black school sizes and facilities were vastly inferior (p. 68). A third problem was the constant fight against the judicial system.On several occasions, blacks were wrongly accused of crimes, even when there was little to no evidence to prove anything at all. For example, two black men in Kentucky ended up in court for raping a white woman on the flimsiest of evidence. Even though no one identified the men, the all white jury spent just fifteen minutes to find them guilty, and the men were sentenced to death (p. 68). Aside from the political issues, African Americans in the North began a mass movement of cultural expansion, including literature, music, and art. This Flowers 4 movement became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The precursor to this movement was the Marcus Garvey movement.Garvey pushed for blacks to reject the white society and build a offprint life. (p. 77) He believed that blacks should never conform to white society. He also led the somewhat unsuccessful Back to Africa movement, which was an attempt to have all blacks leave the country and live in Liberia instead. Following the Marcus Garvey movement was the well-k nown Harlem Renaissance. Even though renaissance is in the name, this movement was more of a birth than a rebirth. It all began during the Great Migration. As thousands of African Americans migrated to the North, many ended up settling in Harlem. This three square mile area became the largest concentration of black people in the world.Following the war, many writers celebrated this new life in the North, and praised the better conditions of the North in their writing. Many hoped that this mass outpouring of literature would get word down the walls of prejudice. (p. 80) The most popular of these writers was the African American poet, Langston Hughes. Today, much of his work is considered classic literature. In addition to the mass influx of African American literature, complete music was on the rise (p. 83-86) Jazz became a symbol of African Americans and the Harlem Renaissance.This product of music pulled concepts from African rhythms, blues chord progressions, church spirituals, European melodies, and American marching band instrumentation. (p. 86) Probably the most well known musician from this era was the trumpeter, Louis Armstrong. Even though jazz originated in New Orleans, it quickly spread to the East coast and eventually to Harlem. The Flowers 5 literature produced in Harlem was by far more successful than jazz, but there was certainly no deficit of jazz in Harlem. Both the jazz and literary greats became idols to many African Americans.They created a wave of inspiration in the black community that quickly spread throughout certain areas of America. The African American community fought through violence, held their pride, and created an entire cultural movement. Through the idea of the New Negro to the eventual Harlem Renaissance, African Americans became stronger and bolder in fighting against whites. Through the NAACP, African Americans gained a stronger stance in politics than ever before. Through riots, beatings, and even deaths, African Ameri cans fought to be treated equally to whites, and paved the way for their eventual freedom and equality.

“How does Shakespeare present Macbeth as a disturbed character in Act 1 of Macbeth?” Essay

How does Shakespe be give birth Macbeth as a harebrained source in Act 1 of Macbeth? William Shakespeare wrote the figure out Macbeth in 1606. It, as the title suggests, follows the story of a Scotsman named Macbeth and how, after the prophecy of three witches, sees his status evolve from a general in the fairys army to becoming the King himself.However the main theme that Shakespeare introduces in this play is the lengths man will go to fulfil ambition and the treacherous consequences that come with it. non only do we see Macbeths status evolve that likewise his personality inside. With each scene we see Macbeth succumb to the pressures of achieving power and how this affects his character as well. Act 1 of Macbeth truly, from the beginning, shows us a clear development of Macbeths huffy personality not only through language and the context behind this tragedy. In Act 1 characterization 2 we are not introduced to Macbeth, but not directly. Shakespeare describes him as a ruthless, violent but brave soldier through the mouths of admirers.When the Thane Ross and a Captain describe Macbeths brave performance during a victory over Norway, we are immediately acquaint to the respect that he is held in. The Captain describes him in a very positive manner, For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name is a quote that clearly emphasises the discernment that fellow soldiers corroborate for Macbeth. The work of the word deserves shows us that he has earned the right to be commended. However an opposite interpretation of Macbeths heroics is possibly his ruthlessness. During his distinguishing, Macbeth is also described as quite a violent person. His fierceness is made apparent when the Captain conveys a very vivid explanation of how Macbeth killed a Norwegian, till he unseamd him from the nave to the chaps.This description is very daunting to think about and Shakespeare leaves this image implanted in the heads of the audience. The use of the word unseamd s hows us Macbeths ruthlessness when in battle, with possibly no respect for others lives. The violent aspect of Macbeths character can be interpreted a disturbed one. His ruthlessness is quite inhumane in the sense that he shows signs of a villainous character.Another way in which Macbeth is seen a disturbed character, is his familiarity and connection with the three witches. When Macbeth and Banquo are introduced in Scene 3, Macbeths first line is So foul and fair a day I have not seen. This quote echoes the witches in Scene 1, Fair is foul and foul is fair. The phrase is almost a paradox, it can interpreted to show how energy is as it seems. However the fact that Macbeth repeated a phrase said by witches all but adds to a negative insight into his character. During Shakespeares time, witches were seen as very real creatures. In the early 17th century, suspected witches were burnt and there was even an Act of Parliament put forward in 1604 against them.This was because witches wer e subjects of pathologic and fevered fascination by society at this time people feared them. They were seen as creatures of Satan and therefore evil characters. The use of the three witches in the play adds to the fear within it and with this, the use of Macbeth echoing their words adds to the sheer disturbance. During this time, Macbeths reference to foul and fair would have caused a negative impact on the way the audience looked at him. To be associated with repelled evil witches creates a dark atmosphere and timbre throughout the play. After the witches prophecy, Macbeths mind is beginning to work out into a state of madness and paranoia due his constant change in thoughts.The ideas that roam Macbeths head prove to be a substantial character of the Act. The prophecy, which promises the status of King in the future, has been fixed into Macbeths mind, provoking ill thoughts. After bearing witness to the supernatural occurrence, Macbeth begins to contemplate the idea of kill the present King Duncan in order to become King.This supernatural soliciting/Cannot be ill, cannot be good is a quote that clearly shows us the mindset that Macbeth is in confusion. The use of the words ill and good makes it clear that he is between the two thoughts and his mind isnt thinking straight however he comes to a stopping point that he shouldnt intervene to make the prophecy become align. However Macbeth again contemplates the idea later on in Scene 4. After realising that Malcolm, Duncans Son, is the rightful heir to the throne, Macbeth is again mystified to whether he should intervene in fate. The heart and soul wink at the hand heretofore let that be/Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see illustrates his desire for power but reluctance to commit murder, the eye fears.The theme of hesitation and constant contemplation of Macbeth is a sign of confusion within his mind. This is a sign of a disturbed character. Another way in which Macbeth can be seen in a negative w ay is through his motives and if they are with foundation especially through eyes of the audience who witnessed Macbeth in William Shakespeares time. This includes the idea of treason and how power was a God given right. In Scene 7 we find that Macbeth is considering whether killing Duncan is the right act to commit due to the high respect that the King holds him in. When talking in his soliloquy (something that Shakespeare uses to shows the audience the thoughts and true feelings of characters) Macbeth talks about his respect for Duncan, I am his kinsman and his subject, this supports the fact that he is also related to Duncan and a trusted figure. However his mindset is yet again changed as he finally decides that murder is the best option, False face must hide what the false heart doth know is a token of his change of mind but, with that, his personality.The idea of Macbeth committing murder on a King would have been frowned upon when the audience of the 17th century watched Mac beth. Political connotations such as the pulverisation Plot 0f 1605 was possibly used by Shakespeare to relate to Macbeth and the idea of killing Kings. Macbeth was possibly used as a caution against potential regicides, especially with the assistant of Shakespeares productions being the King James. Also religious connotations, such as the idea that the status of King was a God given right, played a significant part. Macbeth is aspiring to achieve a status that isnt a God given thing, especially at this time the theme of treason was intemperately frowned upon. The idea of Macbeth wanting to achieve Kingship without God given rights would have added to his disturbing character. There are other examples that show Macbeths disturbed character.One other factor could be his irrational thinking and the way that Lady Macbeth must always intervene to make him think right. Near the end of Scene 7, Macbeth attest his wife that he will not commit the murder, We will proceed no further in thi s business, is a firm claim from Macbeth. His tone is one that is very decisive however after the persuasive techniques of Lady Macbeth he quickly changes his mind. I am settled, and bend up/ each bodied agent to this terrible feat is said at the end of the scene, showing Macbeths sudden change in mind and sheer willingness to kill King Duncan. Macbeth doesnt think straight and can be seen as having a fragile mind, one that can be easily moulded.Overall, Shakespeare successfully shows the audience how Macbeth develops his disturbed character. By using language features and also the views of certain themes of the audience of the time, he introduces a very irrational character. These themes include violence, religion, politics and the idea that mans desire for power outweighs any respect for the consequences. Macbeth slowly develops from a violent person to someone who is very fragile in the mind and also, essentially, a disturbed character.

Gen 105: Final Project: Student Survival Guide

Axias educational re quotations piddle been a great helper to me throughout this course. The three educational resources cover in this course was, Downloading files for use on your machine or portcapable device, Navigating the University depository library, and Identifying key information within articles. Being able to download reading materials onto cell phones, and MP3 players, improves the theatrical role of the educational experience. Axia College provides other technological tools as well, such as audio appendixes, digital stories, and tutorials.I myself prefer the audio appendixes and digital stories because when I am able to hear things I correspondm to be able to learn and remember it break down. Im likewise able to write better nones, and do better on my subsidizations without having to keep looking back and searching through the reading materials. The University Library has also helped me a great deal during the course. I prefer using it over going to a traditional subroutine library because in all I have to do is log onto my student website, click on the library tab, so click on the University Library tab, next all I have to do is type in a keyword to the subject I am looking for.The University Library also has a link so you can send a message to a librarian too. So in my opinion the University Library is better than a traditional library because it has all the same things without you having to leave your house. This course also taught me how to switch out key information within articles. Look for various fonts, like bold, italic, or underlined words. Also, words that argon different colors. Upholding Academic Honesty was something that I leave alone use during my whole college experience.Three educational resources covered in this course are sympathizeing Axias donnish honesty policy, Understanding consequences of plagiarism, and Avoiding plagiarism. To find Axias academic honest policy, go to the materials tab, and then click on p olices at the left side of your screen. It basically states that the students and instructors all agree to use their own work and not to plagiarize. The consequences of plagiarism are pretty simple, you could fail the assignment and the course, get suspended, or even expelled from the University. both(prenominal) ways to avoid plagiarism are *Crediting Authors and Sources, you should make notes of your source as you go. *Know the difference between a quotation and a paraphrase. *Use a deferred payment for an acceptable paraphrase. *Understand that a paper that consists primarily of quoted material from other sources is not considered an original work. *Understand that lifting material off the Internet is plagiarism. *Solicit Feedback. *Citing Sources. (Effective Writing Communicating Your Message. ) Setting and Achieving Goals is actually something that I sentiment I knew everything about, and wouldnt be able to learn anything else.I was wrong The three educational resources that were covered in this course were, identifying long-and short-term educational and vocation goals, How to reach goals contempt obstacles, and how an Axia degree relates to goals. I knew what long-term goals meant and what my long-term goals were and I also knew what short-term goals meant, and what mine were. Identifying both my long and short-term educational and life story goals was pretty easy. My long-term educational goal is to graduate from University Of Phoenix with my Associates Degree in Psychology. My long-term career goal is to use my degree to be a drug councilor.My short-term educational goals are to do all my assignments and participation on time and post them on time each week. Reaching my goals despite obstacles is what I need to work on. I need to prioritize my goals. Anticipate any problems that may accrue, and make a list of things to do if those problems to arise so it doesnt mess with me meeting my goal. Such as, me not doing well in a class for a couple week s then for the remainder of that class I will work extra hard, and make sure to bring my grade up. Managing Time Wisely is a topic Im very glad we covered in this course.The three educational resources are balancing time between courses at Axia, Juggling school, work, and family responsibilities, and Prioritizing and avoiding time-wasters. Im a single capture of a two year old little girl, so it can get very feverous at my house. Every time I get on the computer to log onto my student website she will jump right in the middle of my computer and me. I usually have to wait until she is dormant before I can do any work. That means I am up close to of the time at 300AM and 400AM and get up with my daughter at 700AM or 800AM.Its very hard There was an activity that we did, it was Appendix F Time solicitude Log. The log had from 600AM to 930PM down the first column, the second was labeled Activities, and the third Comments/observations. This assignment truly helped me a lot to see what I was spending my time on, and to figure out how I could kind that. Fostering Reading Comprehension and Retention helped be able to read the materials faster, and understand it too. The two educational resources in this course was Using reading comprehension echniques for successful reading, and Using SQ3R and other study habits. Some reading comprehension techniques for successful reading are find somewhere to read that is quite and you wint be distracted, make yourself concentrate on what your reading, look ahead in the reading to see whats next, become emotionally involved with what your reading, and define your reading purpose. SQ3R really helped me with my reading assignments. Skim, Question, Read, Recite, Review. When I have to read something new I use SQ3R. It really helps me to remember and learn the material.Applying Personality and Learning Styles was a lesson I found very interesting. The three educational resources for this course was, Using your personality type for place learning success, Developing your multiple intelligences, Relating to others who have different personality types and intelligences. My personality type was an organizer, and that helps me in outperform learning because I keep everything for each class separate so its easier to find, I also keep an agenda with my assignments wrote down for each class, and two dry erase boards one for each class.

Outsourcing or Exporting America Essay

With the new economic slump, many pot are trying to find ways to rebuild the economy and find the cause of the downward scroll that has recently plagued our country. In the quack of senior high unemployment, and many families losing their homes, many of the economists and researchers are looking to the outsourcing of jobs to other countries as the culprit for the dilemma. Is his belief true or false? The answer lies within each persons individual belief, because politicians do not give all the information available about this new crises and the modestness for it.In a year of presidential elections, one only needs to look at the preliminary election to see that this same topic was prevalent. In 2004, John Kerry accused George W. Bush of exporting jobs to other countries so big business could save money. In fact, N. Gregory Mankiw stated that the outsourcing of jobs was just another type of mass on an international level. Even at that time, many opponents realized that the gove rnment was trying to make excuses for high unemployment and the loss of jobs in this country. With the end of the election, the topic lost steam and lay in the background for old age (Drezner, 1 Dobbs, 1).Now, in the smoke filled world of foreclosures, banks going under and financial giants losing their grasp of the world, the step forward of outsourcing has again reared its head. Why? Because the majority of the public believe that the exporting of jobs is a major factor in the current slump. While manufacturing jobs have been lost to countries for lower wages, now the mettle manager and white ternion jobs are being shipped overseas to companies that charge much less then their American counterparts. This leaves the middle pattern American with few options and young Americans with unfulfilled dreams (Drezner, 1 Dobbs, 1).Both sides of the argument believe that they are in the right. Those that applaud the globalization and outsourcing to other countries, truly or blindly belie ve that it is the best option for this country. They as yet believe that it will help to create higher paying jobs for Americans, while the mundane and manufacturing jobs are do elsewhere for less money. They fool themselves with this notion. The truth of the matter is that American companies shut down factories and outsource middle management or call center activities they are hurting the American worker and the American economy (Dobbs, 1).Look around and see the economy failing, banks losing, real estate stagnant. While the stock market cast coasters from downward spirals to euphoric rises, the economy is more imbalanced than ever. Multinational corporations will continue to layoff workers in the join States to give those jobs to people in other countries for less money. Is destroying our country worth a few dollars per employee? close American would not agree. They would take up rank and fight, but until they have the correct information, and the government shekels skewing the truth, the American people will suffer and the economy will fail.

Impact of television on professional sports Essay

It was in late 1940s and beginning of 1950s that television was introduced to the honey oil people. In the words of Marc and Thompson, Marshall McLuhan who was earning the distinction of becoming the first gear media critic, described television in the 1950s as an electronic hearth, a kind of proto-cyberworld fireplace, around which families were pull together during this new stage of post-industrial existence. (2005, p. 55) Following playfulnesss became completely different with the advent of television.Now there was no quest to waste entire day to watch ones favourite game in the bowl or strain ones ears to keep track of the latest happenings in the fields by means of the radio. Those who had not yet brought this agentful medium of entertainment home used to be a element of a crowd of people standing in the street in front of an appliance dealership watching TV through the store window. (Marc and Thompson, 2005, p. 53) So people at homes or as pavement audiences started cheering the sportsmen for their efforts that was visible on screen.The television enhanced the status of sports as a social military action that could be viewed at the comfort of homes. It also introduced the masses to different kinds of sports. Earlier people were aware of the sports that were common in their country only. Due to television sportsmen of diverse kinds of sports became household names. Television gave the sportsmen, the fame and recognition across the continents. This was unsufferable differentwise. Boyle and Haynes observed, today it is difficult to imagine football without television or a television schedule mourning(a) of football. (2004, p. 7) This observation is true in a wider context too. Television sector has undergone tremendous growth. Hundred of impart all over the world are dedicated to sports, which telecast not only the game merely also severally and every aspect of the players lives. The top sportsmen enjoy the same fan following and power as the film stars. Where there is maddening fan following and popularity, can cash be back tooth? The salaries of the top players in all the sports experience soared really high. Its no wonder that popular games the like tennis, football, cricket etc.have become businesses in their own right. There has been major commercialization of sports since 1950s the advent of television. Talking nearly football Boyle and Haynes lamented, the increasing influence that television has exercised over the sport and the ill degree to which clubs have become dependant on television income have meant that the economic aspects of the game have become of considerable interest. (2004, p. 8) This pathetic state of affairs can be identified with the economics of different professional sports too.All the different sports can be addressed as different products. The mushrooming of rival unifys in each category of product can be compared to different brands of that category, which are constantly trying to scoop out each other. This competition or war amongst the rival leagues is benefiting them but deteriorating the spirit of sports. The flow of television money has turned competitive balance into competitive imbalance. However Wigglesworth argued, commercialism has always been present in sport in one form or another.It may have begun with the donation of prizes by local tradesmen at holy day recreations and have become more highly organized in rural sports, much sponsored by publicans. (2007, p. 35) According to Wigglesworth commercialization has helped in the growth of professionalism. This indicates that before 1950s it was impossible to consider sports as a profession because the players were not paid proper salaries. Thus all the players used to dabble with other professions in order to keep their kitchens running.Since the advent of television, sports have been started being recognised as one of the well-paid professions and each decade after 1950s has seen a further hik e in the players salary. The channel boom in the past decade has made the picture rosier for the players as far as their salaries are concerned. Talking about the growth of leagues Wigglesworth observed, money from television coverage and all the associated media opportunities was the spur for the bigger clubs to organize themselves into a league (2007, p.129).He further elaborated even cycling clubs have derived commercial benefits from increased television coverage of the sport during the 1980s and 1990s. (2007, p. 132) It is since the 1980s that the television started changing the conventional scenario of sports at a much greater pace than ever before. Some of the top rival leagues, which were created in 1960s and 1970s to promote sports, unify sports and media and have even started running their own sport channels, thus taking their rivalry to newer areas.The following report of Holland paints a gloomy picture of the impact of television on sports As the broadcasting of spo rt gradually becomes as important as the event itself, there has been growing concern over the adaptation of the sports to jibe the needs of television. (2000, p. 138) It is threatening that all the sports event have become a ground of cut throat competition between the satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasters. To get the exclusive rights of the major sporting events these parties have been command higher and higher.This factor has shook competitive balance to a great extent, which has started proving detrimental for the sports on the whole. So to conclude the impact of television has been both good and bad across all sports, whether it is cricket, rugby, boxing, swimming, horse riding tennis etc. It has been most beneficial to the players of popular sports, financially. The creation of rival leagues can be viewed a positive impact but growing unhealthy rivalry amongst them and competitive imbalance has been some of the drawbacks of television.In the words of Wigglesworth, One result of the commercialization of sport through television has been the depersonalization of spectator sport with the old fashioned fan becoming simply a customer. (2007, p. 164).References Boyle, R. and Haynes, R. (2004). Football In The newfangled Media Age. New York Routledge Holland, P. (2000). The Television Handbook. (2nd ed. ). New York Routledge. Marc, D. and Thompson, R. J. Television In The Antenna Age A Concise History. USA Blackwell issue Ltd. Walvin, J. (1978). Leisure and Society. UK Longman. Wigglesworth, N. (2007). The Story Of Sport In England. New York Routledge.

Two Main Approaches to Learn About Nature in the Process of Science

In the process of recognition, scientist use some(prenominal) main approaches to learn about nature Discovery Science and Hypothesis based science. With Discovery Science, scientist find and describe objects, and with Hypothesis based Science, scientist make a hypothesis, make deductions and then test the predictions. In our terrene lives we use Hypothesis based science to solve many diametrical problems. There is a meter that is needed in order to have a hypothesis-based scientific study. To start you must have an thoughtfulness and generalizations from discovery science.You must have questions and tentative answers to the questions. You must excessively have deductions that will lead you to predictions. And lastly be able to test the predictions to see if the hypothesis is falsiable. In experiments the use of affirm concourses and experimental groups helps to control the variables. A large sample size is always a better choice than a teeny sample size to eliminate the p ossibility of chance. A case study of hypothesis-based science is both different from and similar to a case study from every day life. The two are similar in many ways.Both studies require that you make an observation as well as make a hypothesis from the observation. They are also similar in the fact that they both need a prediction, and both predictions needed to be tested in order to see if they are falsiable. The two are also very different from each other in other aspects. A hypothesis based science study needs to have two different groups of subjects an example would be an experimental group and a control group. Hypothesis based science also needs to factor in sample size. With a case study from every day life there are a lot less(prenominal) factors that you have to be concerned with.The basic differences between the two are as follows Everyday career -Hypothesize using testable and falsifiable hypotheses -are predicted by using If-Then statements -Test predictions -Conclude the findings Hypothesis Based Science -The above steps exclusively with tighter regulations -Experimental and control groups are required -Sample size must be large enough to generalize results -Must be an experimental variable An experiment of my choice that I researched is a double-blind study evaluating the long-term safety of varenicline for grass cessation (WILLIAMS Kathryn E. REEVES Karen R. BILLING Clare B. PENNINGTON Ann M. GONG Jason) This experiment asses the safety of long term varenidine for smoking cessation. Subjects were chosen at random, and it was large sample size of 376. There was a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group received varenicline and the control group received a placebo. Subjects were monitored by weekly visits that after week ogdoad turned into visits of every 4 weeks. Subjects vital signs were documented each visit along with smoking status. all(a) subjects were also provided with a brief counseling.The conclusions of this study were Varenicline 1 mg BID can be safely administered for up to 1 year. Varenicline was also a more effective smoking cessation aid than placebo throughout the study, supporting both its short- (12-week) and long-term (52-week) efficacy I chose this study because I think that it fits the criteria and demonstrates the basic considerations in a good designed study. I can use my knowledge of the scientific method when cultivation medical journals to figure out the authenticity of the experiment. This will help me as a nurse to deal the research being presented on specific diseases as well as treatments.

Davinci Apps

pluckThe transfer from Davinci Apps to Rome, Italy requires substantial in dression in aver to be informed. This inform countenances a salubrious-balanced format consisting of critical elements that may be hireed during the process. With many similarities as well as distinct differences, this opus illustrates many of the needed thoughtfulnesss.1 IntroductionThis report aims to relay critical elements of the operations of Davinci Apps located in Rome, Italy. Beginning with a brief overview detailing the macro-level factors related to the region, this report will turn of events to a entertain description utilizing the Hofstede theory. Following these segments will be an analysis of the management and business floriculture in Italy with germ to the japan as a comparison. A combination of the components of this report will allow for a well-rounded conclusion alongside three base recommendations for supremacy.This report will evaluate the Roman market in comparison with Japa ns operation in rescript to generate applicable operations advice for the spick-and-span management for Davinci Apps in Rome.1.2 Macro level ElementsThe city of Rome, Italy serves as the nations capital with a moderate ocean side climate (Gfmag.com, 2014). With historical, environmental and cultural tourism draws, at that aim is a dynamic and diverse migrant population (Istat.it, 2014). With a bicameral arranging of government the two houses, Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic, headed by the Prime take care dictate law and policy in the nation (Istat.it, 2014). Predominately, the speak language is Italian, with German and French spoken by a minority of northern regions. With a ninety per cent Roman Catholic population, in that location is a large Christian cultural expectation (Gfmag.com, 2014). Currently there is an estimated population of 60.9 million and ascent with an expectation of near 62 million by 2017 with a median age of 43 (Grmag.com, 2014). stint ing factors including composition by gross domestic product factor agriculture 1%, Industry 25.2% and services at 72.9 % as of the 2011 estimate (Grmag.com, 20141). 2012 saw an increasing unemployment rate of 9.5 followed by a decrease over the 2013 fiscal course of study (Istat.it, 2014). Standards and Poors currently ranks Italy a BBB+ with Moodys a Baa2 alongside a minus outlook (Grmag.com, 20142). 2010 witnessed Italy with an estimated knowledge base share of GDP of 2.41 % however, the 2015 estimate signalises a decrease to 1.98% (Grmag.com, 20141). This fact supports the Real GDP numbers that indicate a continual decrease in economic strength for the nation as a whole (Istat.it, 20141). However, recent trends suggest that a positive turnaround is possible increasing economic viability (Istat.it, 20141). 1.3 Hofstede Value Italy compared to Japan Hofstedes impersonate is a valued method of assessing cultural differences in order to gain fuller understanding (Signorini, Wies emes and Murphy, 2009).1.3.1 Power distancePower distance is greennessly identified as the extent the slight powerful entities within a country expect power to be distributed equally (Hofstede, 201145). Northern Italy get ahead a 50 which speaks to the preference for equality and decentralisation of power and decision-making (Geert-hofstede.com, 20141). However, in Southern Italy the PDI are uplifted and nearly the very opposite of Northern Italy. The related fix of 54 illustrates that Japan is similar in this context, speaking to the recognition of value in equality by both cultures (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014).1.3.2 IndividualismThis segment has to do with whether citizenry?s self-image plays a cultural role (Hofstede, 2011). .With a score of 76, Italy is rated as an Individualistic culture, which in turn creates a me centred society (Geert-hofstede.com, 20141). This effect is felt most in the North where people feel completely in the middle of a big crowd. Southern Italy exh ibits less individualistic behaviour which is present in the family network as well as the group each one belongs (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). In this culture, events including weddings or sunshine lunches cannot be missed. Standing in contrast to the Italian score is the bodied score of 46 for Japan, indicating an orbit of substantial cultural difference (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). Individualism is often frowned upon by the Eastern approach1.3.3 MasculinityA spicy score ( manly) on this segment is indicative of a society driven by competition, success and achievement. Conversely, a lower score (feminine) indicates societal values including caring for others and an increased quality of life (Hofstede, 2011). At 70 Italy is a masculine society meaning it is very highly success oriented (Geert-hostede.com, 20141). As an example that this society holds, their return are taught at an early age that competition is unspoilt. It is common for the Italian culture to illustrate success by status symbols such as cars, houses, yachts and vacations to exotic countries. This factor adds to the factor that competition among colleagues for making a career can be very strong (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). Much like Italy Japan ranks as a very masculine society with a rating of 95 (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014).1.3.4 Uncertainty avoidanceThis component addresses members of a culture feel that may threaten by ambiguous or events and has created institutions in order to avoid these component (Hofstede, 2011). At 75, Italy scores high on uncertainty avoidance (Geert-hofestede.com, 2014). This is an indication that Italians are not well-fixed in uncertain situations. Formality in Italian society is a critical element of sidereal day to day activities with this fact represented by the strict Italian penal and civil code (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). It is common for emotion to play a role in society and culture with individuals that cannot keep them inside and mustiness express the m. At a score of 92, Japan is considered one of the most uncertainty avoiding nations in the world (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). This is an area that is mirrored closely is both cultures, making integration easier.1.3.5 PragmatismThis element focuses on how people in the past as well as today deal with the fact that so much that happens cannot be truly explained (Hofstede, 2011). In this category Italys high score of 61 illustrates that the Italian culture is comparatively pragmatic. The people believe that truth depends on the situation, time and context. Boasting a score of 88 Japan is one of the most pragmatic societies (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014).1.3.6 IndulgenceThis element is the extent to which people try to harbor their desires (Hofstede, 2011). Weak control is indulgence and strong control is restraint. With the score of 42, Japan is deemed to be a culture of restraint.30 demonstrates that the Italian culture is one of restraint (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014).2 Business and mana gement culture in Italy2.1 Values and GlobalizationAs the Geer-hofstede.com (2014) results indicate the Italian culture heavily prefers an equal centre of power. The individualistic disposition of the Italian value system will require substantial adjustment on the part of a collective culture Japanese transfer. Erikson (2007) argues that the migrants into the Italian culture often fare well as there are several beneficial transnational entrepreneurship assets. There is a very high Italian cultural value placed on the family, and social functions, which can in turn lead to social acceptance (Society, 2014). The apexics of family, food, women, weather and love top the list of common discussions in Rome. This societal value system reaches back to the base difference surrounded by the Confucian, or Oriental method of collective thinking that recognizes that each element is related as opposed to the Aristotelian method of treating each component on an individual basis (Noble, Sander and Obenshain, 2013).There is a distinct breakup of value as regards the areas of self-expression and autonomy with the individualistic Italian culture, illustrating a lasting consignment to a more outspoken nature (Noble et al, 2013). As a whole, Rome is considered an individualistic culture when compared to the mutually beneficial society of Japan (Tierney, 2014). The Geocentric approach illustrated by the population of Rome recognizes the potential for gain in the emerging markets, making integration popular in the region (Cicione, 2014).2.2 Decision makingWith a distinct separation from the Japanese cultural tradition of holism, the Italian culture focuses on analytical decision making utilizing a methodical approach for each individual element (Tierney, 2014). In addition to the highly competitive environment, the discharge from the Japanese method of Collectivism to the Italian Individualism will require substantial adjustment for new transfers (Nobel et al, 2014).2.3 Negot iation & CommunicationSocietal differences can have a direct impact on the method of communication and dialog (Solomon and Schell, 2009). A psyche living in an individualistic society, such as Italy, will commonly stool self-centred decisions (Tierney, 2014). This is opposed to the collective tendency shown in the Japanese culture. Further, the individualistic culture does not place the value on age and experience that the Japanese collective culture does, making each fundamental interaction with Italian citizens more complex (Nobel et al, 2013).2.4 Leadership & Cultural IntelligenceIt is necessary to understand a culture in order to become an effective leader (Nobel et al, 2014). As there is a highly independent nature among the Italians, each of their decisions will be based on what is outdo for that person, as opposed to the group mind-set implant in Japanese society. There is a high tendency of the Italian society to desire a transactional form of leading that remains op en and prefers teamwork (Euwema, Wendt and Van Emmerik, 2007). Too much oversight in the workplace is construed as a reflection of the individual work tendencies. This stands in sharp contrast to the collective leadership tendencies most firms exhibit in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). There is a strong need for the Italian culture to possess personal views and objectives, making each one an individualistic effort (Tierney, 2014). However, this element is case-hardened with the high value on family and collective infrastructure, which is similar in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). The autocratic strain of leadership is the found in Italy in contrast to the more Confucian, or male leader approach found in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). With a much wider acceptance of the female in the role of leadership, there is a reduced amount of social bias associated with the genders, making the Italian culture easy to integrate into (Tierney, 2014). Further, this percept of bias in the workplace is reduced m aking potential success realistic in the workplace.3 ConclusionThis report has highlighted several elements that should be considered during the coming move. With a clear difference between the Japanese and Italian/Roman cultures, there are many pitfalls to avoid. Yet, the similarities inherent in each culture provide a sound beginning point from which to progress.Three points of advice have been developed as a here and now of this analysis1) The Hofstede model as well as the corresponding literature has illustrated the individualistic tendencies of the Roman culture, yet, there is a very strong undercurrent of social associations becoming beneficial. In order to more slowly assimilate, both in the work place and socially, find a social expression that actively involves the person with the Italian culture. In this case that could be religion, sports or hobbies that take place in the company of others.2) In the process of leadership, recognize the individual needs of each person. T he Italian society operates in a demeanor that is based on competition and personal accomplishment rather than the larger collective organisation. In order to foster the best possible work environment there will be a need to amend the workplace expectations.3) As reflected in the both the Italian and Japanese culture, there is a high value placed on the capacity for a person to have personal restraint and integrity. The best possible method of accruing respect in the work place is to have a plan in place that is both balanced and well considered, and in the presence of controversy present a cool it exterior. This will translate into a perception of calm competency, which is highly prized in Roman culture.In the end, this report has illustrated that there are many similar elements between the cultures of Japan and Italy, yet, substantial differences. Will careful consideration alongside informed action, the transfer from the Japan office of Davinci Apps has every expectation of bei ng a well throughout enterprise that will be of great value to each person involved.ReferencesCicione, M. 2014. Culture & Traditions in Rome, Italy. online Available at http//traveltips.usatoday.com/culture-traditions-rome-italy-11465.html Accessed 17 Mar 2014. Eriksen, T. H. 2007. Globalization. Oxford Berg. Euwema, M. C., Wendt, H. and Van Emmerik, H. 2007. Leadership styles and group organizational citizenship behavior crossways cultures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28 (8), pp. 10351057. Geert-hofstede.com. 2014. Italy Geert Hofstede. online Available at http//geert-hofstede.com/italy.html Accessed 17 Mar 2014. Gelf, Erez, M. and Aycan, Z. 2007. Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 58 pp. 479514. Gfmag.com. 2014. Italy GDP Data & Country Report Global Finance. online Available at http//www.gfmag.com/gdp-data-country-reports/249-italy-gdp-country-report.htmlaxzz2w6DeKZCE Accessed 17 Mar 2014. Hofstede, G. 2011. Dimensionalizing cultures The Hofs tede model in context. Online readings in psychology and culture, 2 (1), p. 8. Istat.it. 2014. Istat.it. online Available at http//www.istat.it/en Accessed 17 Mar 2014. Kaltenbrunner, A., AragOn, P., Laniado, D. and Volkovich, Y. 2013. not all paths lead to Rome Analysing the network of sister cities. arXiv preprint arXiv1301.6900. Nobel, D., Sander, J. and Obenshain, C. 2013. Using microworlds to understand cultural influences on distributed cooperative decision making in C2 settings. Shi, X. and Wang, J. 2011. Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model Which Way to Go for cross-cultural Research?. International Journal of Business & Management, 6 (5). Signorini, P., Wiesemes, R. and Murphy, R. 2009. Developing alternative frameworks for exploring intercultural learning a unfavorable judgment of Hofstedes cultural difference model. Teaching in Higher Education, 14 (3), pp. 253264. Society, N. 2014. Rome Cultural Tips depicted object Geographics Ultimate City Guides. online Ava ilable at http//travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/city-guides/rome-cultural-tips/ Accessed 17 Mar 2014. Solomon, C. and Schell, M. S. 2009. Managing across cultures The 7 keys to doing business with a global mindset. McGraw-Hill, Inc.. Tierney, W. G. 2008. The impact of culture on organizational decision-making. Sterling, Va. Stylus Pub.